Although Microsoft has not disclosed what portion of its OneDrive user base pays for storage and what fraction relies on only the free allotment, an analysis of the service's changes using available information shows that the Redmond, Wash. firm could earn nearly $107 million more each year by moving just 1% of its users from the "free" column of the ledger to "paid."
If Microsoft could somehow push, pull or drag 10% of the OneDrive estimated free user base to the lowest-priced paid option, the company would record almost $1.1 billion in extra income annually.
Not surprisingly, Microsoft said nothing about making more money when it announced the OneDrive changes, but instead blamed storage hogs for ruining it for everyone, prompting the company to cut storage across the board.
"A small number of users backed up numerous PCs and stored entire movie collections and DVR recordings. In some instances, this exceeded 75TB per user or 14,000 times the average," Microsoft said on a company blog posted just before midnight a week ago. "Instead of focusing on extreme backup scenarios, we want to remain focused on delivering high-value productivity and collaboration experiences that benefit the majority of OneDrive users."
Among the announced changes, the one that got the most immediate attention was the elimination of unlimited storage for subscribers to Office 365 Home and Office 365 Personal. Those accounts will be rolled back to a maximum of 1TB, the amount to be offered to new subscribers as well.
But Microsoft made other changes to OneDrive, too. It eliminated the 100GB and 200GB plans for new customers, but allowed current customers to keep the $2 per month ($24 annually) and $4 per month ($48 a year) deals. In place of that pair, Microsoft will offer a 50GB plan at the same price as the former 100GB: $2 a month ($24 annually).
Potentially more sweeping, however, was the decision to reduce the free allotment from 15GB to 5GB and to discontinue a widely-used 15GB "camera roll" bonus allowance that the company had given away since September 2014. Those changes will take effect in early 2016, and shrink the free storage space of many OneDrive users by 83%, from 30GB to just 5GB.
Some customers didn't buy the argument that abuse at the high end justified a reduction in the amount of free space at the low end. "I fail to understand why 'abuse' on the >1TB plan has any relation to the 15GB free offering," wrote a user identified as RenieK in one of the nearly 1,600 comments appended to Microsoft's announcement. "Nothing gets abused there, so why hurt us"
Others were blunter, and called out Microsoft for not shooting straight.
"I don't think I've seen such a badly-communicated corporate message like this before," said Laz in another comment. "If you want to begin charging for storage, then say it as such. Don't wrap it in layers of frankly ******* excuses like 'a few users abused the service,' and the words 'productivity and collaboration.'
Microsoft did not describe in detail how pervasive the abuse was -- it simply characterized the gluttons as "a small number" -- but perhaps Laz was right, that the unlimited reversal was a red herring.
"Freemium" services like OneDrive always carry massive numbers of users on the free books compared to the paid rolls. And fremium-based firms are always looking for ways to convert free accounts to paid -- that's how the model works.
Clearly, the vast pool of free users is the most likely source of any revenue growth. Thus it should be no surprise that the reduction of the free allotment, which will affect far more people than the ditching of unlimited, or the disappearance of the lower-tier 100GB and 200GB plans, was the key decision Microsoft revealed last week.
Without data from Microsoft, it's futile trying to figure out exactly how the change in the free allowance will affect revenue. But educated estimates that illustrate potential revenue gains are possible.
In 2014, 11% of European Union residents who used a cloud storage service paid for the space, according to the EU's statistical department. The remainder relied on a free service for storing and sharing files.
Microsoft does not regularly disclose the number of OneDrive users, whether active or not, but conveniently, CEO Satya Nadella did just that last month. "More than half a billion people manage their documents and photos in OneDrive," Nadella said during an Oct. 22 earnings call with Wall Street.
Taking Nadella at his word, and applying the EU's 11% paid portion to a half billion, or 500 million, results in an estimated 55 million paid users of OneDrive, with the other 445 million on the free service.
It may be impossible to confirm that 55 million OneDrive users pay for storage, but other metrics Microsoft provides make the number seem reasonable. In the same earnings call last month, Nadella said that Microsoft had 18 million consumer-grade Office 365 subscriptions on the its roster. Each of those 18 million accounts represents at least one paying OneDrive customer; depending on how Microsoft tallies, some subscriptions may stand for more than one customer, as Office 365 Home provides a 1TB OneDrive account to up to five people.
Thirty-seven million of the estimated 55 million, then, pay for one of the cheaper, non-Office 365 OneDrive plans. That would represent just 7% of the total of half a billion. That, too, makes sense: In freemium, less expensive plans are generally more popular, with the customer pools shrinking as prices climb.
But it's the 445 million who don't currently pay for OneDrive that Microsoft would want most to tap if it's hoping to boost revenue.
Each percentage point of the 445 million who use OneDrive free of charge represents 4.45 million customers. If 1% of all free users -- again, 4.45 million -- paid for the 50GB plan to get more space, they would generate revenue of $106.8 million annually (4.45 million multiplied by $24 for the 50GBplan).
With the free space slipping to 5GB, those with more than that but less than the former free allotments of 15GB, or with the discontinued camera roll, 30GB, may be willing to pay Microsoft for storage simply because the hassle of moving files to another service can be tedious for those who know how and are motivated, and impenetrable to the average user, who may not be.
If Microsoft were to convert 2% of the current free user base to paid, revenue would total an additional $213.6 million. Five percent $534 million. Ten percent A whopping $1.07 billion annually.
It's tough to say how many free users Microsoft might be able to transform into paying customers, but the company's financial team should have an idea. Microsoft has historical data on conversion rates from free to paid, knows exactly how many OneDrive users there are, where the split between free and paid is at, and would certainly have run forecasts and what-if scenarios before making changes of this magnitude.
But this outside-looking-in estimate -- more than $100 million per 1% -- appears to be a significant enough revenue opportunity that Microsoft may have felt it would be worth the pushback from a minority of the millions who store files and photographs on the service.
The company has not addressed the complaints lodged on its one feature-voting UserVoice service, an omission that has some users at the boiling point. If it believes the revenue upside trumps the disgruntlement, it may never respond.
Microsoft has made no secret that it needs to better monetize the Windows user base. Several times over the last 12 months -- and even earlier -- Microsoft has talked about how it must change the Windows business model to fit a time when the OS is no longer predominant. Rather than make money on the front end -- at the sale of the license, whether from a device maker or the end user -- Microsoft expects to earn on the back end, from the sale of apps in the Windows Store, from services like OneDrive and Xbox One Live, from subscriptions such as Office 365, and elsewhere.
More than once, Microsoft executives have referred to such revenue opportunities as "the lifetime value of the user."
In fact, a key part of the strategy underlying the free upgrade to Windows 10 is that by juicing uptake, the company creates more revenue prospects not only for third-party developers who want to sell apps, but also for its own software and services. Microsoft has bet, for example, that Windows 10 users will drive growth of the Bing search engine, and thus the advertising revenue derived from searches. OneDrive, an integral part of Windows 10 and Office 365, has always seemed a natural revenue stream that, if tapped, may be able to make up some of the downturn in Windows licensing sales.
Microsoft has created other revenue opportunities by ditching the 100GB and 200GB for new customers, even though it's grandfathered in for current customers on the two plans.
Reducing the maximum stand-alone storage plan from 200GB to 50GB, and leaving the latter as the only available, could push more customers at a faster rate to the priciest storage options, the 1TB included with Office 365 Personal and Office 365 Home.
Someone now on either the 100GB or 200GB plan -- and by Computerworld's model, they number approximately 37 million -- will have only one way to buy more space and still stay on OneDrive: Office 365.
Office 365 Personal, which provides not only the 1TB of OneDrive storage, but also rights to install Office 2016 on one Windows PC or Mac, costs $7 per month. That's $5 per month more than the 100GB plan, $3 a month more than the 200GB deal.
Upselling these customers to Office 365 will generate additional revenue at the annual rates of $1.8 million for each 1% composed of 100GB plan subscribers, or $1.1 million for each 1% made up of 200GB plan users.
If, for example, Microsoft was able to convert 10% of the current 100GB and 200GB subscribers to Office 365 Personal, with the ratio divided evenly between the two plans, it would recognize a revenue increase of almost $15 million annually. While that's nowhere close to the amount it could procure by convincing 5% of the much larger group of free users to pay for 50GB of storage, every dollar counts.
And the possible revenue from converting now-free users to those on the Office 365 Personal rolls would be much, much larger.
Convincing just 1% of the estimated 445 million on the free deal to purchase Office 365 Personal would result in a revenue increase of $312 million, or almost three times the amount collected from the same percentage who move up to the 50GB plan. A 3% conversion rate from free to Office 365 Personal would generate an extra $935 million each year. And persuading 5% of the free user base to the $70 per year Office subscription would kick another $1.56 billion into the company's coffers.
Only Microsoft knows whether the blanket reductions in OneDrive are intended to stop abuse, motivate more now-free users to become paying customers, or lift Office 365 subscriptions. Or accomplish all with one blow.
A clue that the company is hoping to goose the percentage of paying customers, though, comes from another statistic that Microsoft mentioned last week.
In the Nov. 2 announcement, Microsoft cited abusers using 75TB of space, then added that that amount was 14,000 times the average. Some simple division later, and the average amount of data stored on OneDrive comes to between 5.4GB and 5.5GB. (The exact number depends on whether Microsoft considers a terabyte 1,000 or 1,024 gigabytes.)
Those averages are larger than the future limit for free accounts.
While abusers, and Office 365 subscribers using nearly 1TB, will skew the average to some degree -- and the median data usage would be more informative for outside analysis -- the data available hints that Microsoft believes there are very large numbers already using above the new maximum, and thus in the potential pay-up category.
Another clue that the real purpose of the OneDrive modifications is to increase the numbers in the paid column lies in Microsoft's willingness to defer some of the revenue opportunity for a year in exchange for getting large numbers of customers onto Office 365, the most expensive storage plan.
OneDrive users who will be reduced to 5GB but have more than that stored with the service will be able to claim a free one-year subscription to Office 365 Personal, Microsoft said in a FAQ that went into more detail about the alterations.
The company said that those who accept the offer must provide a credit card, which will be charged only at the end of the one-year stretch.
There were two things notable about the deal. First, Microsoft is ready to defer any additional revenue from free users for a year as long as it can get more onto Office 365, and second, that the offer was for the $7 per month Office 365 Personal, not the $2 a month 50GB storage plan.
Both may be enough to tide over the bulk of those on the free side for a year. But the revenue opportunity for Office 365 is three-and-a-half times larger, assuming the same number stick with it after 12 months as would continue to pay for an extra 50GB.
In other words, Microsoft's playing the long game.
That is, of course, if customers stick around rather than desert to a rival like Google's Drive or Apple's iCloud, or Amazon or Dropbox or Box, or any number of others.
By the tone of the comments at the end of Microsoft's announcement blog post, some will flee. They may not be in the majority -- millions of free users may well upgrade to a paid plan -- but the loyalists that many called themselves could be influential with scores of others.
And they're not happy.
"How unprofessional of Microsoft to use OneDrive abusers be the excuse for cutting back the service for all," vented Sheeds in one of those comments. "Either target and limit the abusers -- or own up and be transparent about the real reason (presumably $$$) that EVERYONE's service has been cut back."
"People's needs in storage constantly rise. You could've waited a year or two and the users would come to you themselves and buy storage for storing photos from those new [Windows smartphone] flagships with crazy megapixels and 8K video or whatever," said Slawootsky. "What a letdown. This is not the New Microsoft but the old one, at its worst."
"I think the calculation is simple: lose the 'parasitic' free users that cost money while converting some to [Office] 365 customers where they pay for services they would not require (what average user will require 1TB online storage)," wrote Putsw.
But another commenter, Rich Warren, put it best by tying the OneDrive blowback to some Nadella mantras. "This is the Microsoft that Satya Nadella is carefully crafting Nothing says 'Mobile-first, cloud first' like an online cloud storage solution that is reducing storage limits," Warren said. "Satya wants people to 'love' Windows, not tolerate it. Nothing makes me want to love a Microsoft service more than knowing I paid for something that Microsoft is outright refusing to deliver. I have canceled my Office 365 subscription."